ISLAMABAD: China is using arms exports to expand its global influence, with Pakistan featuring prominently in overseas deliveries of Chinese combat aircraft and drones, according to a Pentagon report sent to the US Congress this week.
The annual Pentagon assessment said that as of December 2024, China remained the world’s fourth-largest arms supplier, primarily using state-run defense firms, including the Aviation Industry Corporation of China and North Industries Corporation, for exports.
The report said “arms transfers are a component of China’s foreign policy” and complement assistance linked to the Belt and Road Initiative, and how China’s arms exports are attractive for developing countries due to affordability and flexible terms.
The report claims that China offers three combat aircraft for export, including the FC-31, the J-10C multirole combat aircraft, and the “China-Pakistan co-produced JF-17 light combat aircraft.”
Pakistan is the only country listed as a recipient of the J-10C. The report said that as of May 2025, China had “delivered 20 units — their only J-10C exports — to Pakistan” under two orders totaling 36 aircraft since 2020.
At sea, the report states that China is likely to grow its naval export market over the next five years.
The report also points to expanding space engagement, noting that China increased outreach “worldwide” in 2024, as Senegal joined other countries that signed agreements on cooperation related to the China-led International Lunar Research Station.
